Ngwakọta sapphire
Nkọwa
Sapphire (Al2O3) otu kristal bụ ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma.Ọ nwere nguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu, ezigbo ọkụ ọkụ, ike siri ike, nnyefe infrared na nkwụsi ike kemịkal dị mma.A na-eji ya n'ọtụtụ ebe nke ụlọ ọrụ, nchekwa mba na nchọpụta sayensị (dị ka windo infrared dị elu).N'otu oge ahụ, ọ bụkwa ụdị ihe eji eme otu kristal a na-ejikarị eme ihe.Ọ bụ mkpụrụ nke mbụ nhọrọ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, violet, ọcha ìhè-emitting diode (LED) na blue laser (LD) ụlọ ọrụ (gallium nitride film kwesịrị ịbụ epitaxial na sapphire mkpụrụ mbụ), na ọ bụkwa ihe dị mkpa superconducting. ihe nkiri mkpụrụ.Na mgbakwunye na usoro Y, La usoro na ihe nkiri ndị ọzọ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, a pụkwara iji ya na-emepụta ihe nkiri MgB2 (magnesium diboride) ọhụrụ na-emepụta ihe nkiri (na-emekarị otu-crystal mkpụrụ ga-emebi kemịkalụ n'oge mmepụta nke MgB2). ihe nkiri).
Njirimara
| Ịdị ọcha kristal | > 99.99% |
| Ebe mgbaze (℃) | 2040 |
| Njupụta (g/cm3) | 3.98 |
| Isi ike (Mho) | 9 |
| Mgbasawanye okpomọkụ | 7.5 (x10-6/oC) |
| Okpomọkụ akọwapụtara | 0.10 (cal /oC) |
| Nrụpụta okpomọkụ | 46.06 @ 0oC 25.12 @ 100oC, 12.56 @ 400oC (W/(mK)) |
| Dielectric Constant | ~ 9.4 @300K na Axis ~ 11.58@300K na C axis |
| Tangent mfu na 10 GHz | <2x10-5na axis, <5 x10-5na C axis |
Nkọwa mkpụrụ osisi sapphire
Ngwakọta sapphire na-ezo aka na ihe kristal na-acha uhie uhie mere nke otu kristal aluminum oxide (Al2O3).A na-ejikarị okwu ahụ bụ "sapphire" kọwaa ụdị nkume corundum gemstone, nke na-abụkarị acha anụnụ anụnụ.Agbanyeghị, n'ihe gbasara mkpụrụ, sapphire na-ezo aka na kristal tolitere n'ụdị, enweghị agba, kristal dị ọcha dị elu ejiri n'ụdị ngwa dị iche iche.Nke a bụ ụfọdụ isi isi ihe gbasara mkpụrụ osisi sapphire:
1. Ọdịdị kristal: Sapphire nwere usoro kristal hexagonal nke a na-ahazi ugboro ugboro atom atom na ikuku oxygen.Ọ bụ nke sistemu kristal trigonal.
2. Isi ike dị elu: Sapphire bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị siri ike a maara, ya na Mohs siri ike nke 9. Nke a na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-egbuke egbuke na abrasion na-eguzogide ọgwụ, na-enye aka na ogologo oge na ogologo oge na ngwa ahụ.
3. Mgbasa ọkụ: Sapphire nwere ezigbo nnyefe ọkụ, karịsịa na mpaghara anya na nso-infrared.Ọ nwere ike ibunye ọkụ site na ihe dịka 180 nm ruo 5500 nm, na-eme ka ọ dị mma maka ọtụtụ ngwa anya na optoelectronic.
4. Thermal na ígwè ọrụ: Sapphire nwere ezigbo okpomọkụ na ihe eji arụ ọrụ, ebe mgbaze dị elu, ọnụọgụ mgbasawanye ọkụ dị ala, na ezigbo ọkụ ọkụ.Ọ nwere ike iguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu, nrụgide n'ibu na ịgba ígwè ọkụ, na-eme ka ọ dị mma maka okpomọkụ dị elu na ngwa ike dị elu.
5. Nkwụsi ike nke kemịkalụ: Sapphire nwere nkwụsi ike kemịkalụ dị elu ma nwee ike iguzogide ọtụtụ acid, alkalis na ihe mgbaze organic.Njirimara a na-eme ka ọ dị ogologo na ntụkwasị obi ya na gburugburu ebe dị njọ.
6. Ihe mkpuchi ọkụ eletrik: Sapphire bụ ihe mkpuchi ọkụ eletrik dị mma, nke bara uru maka ngwa ndị chọrọ ikewapụ eletriki ma ọ bụ mkpuchi.
7. Ngwa: Sapphire substrates na-ejikarị na optoelectronics, semiconductors, ìhè-emitting diodes, laser diodes, windo anya, kristal na-ekiri na nchọpụta sayensị.
A na-eji ihe ndị dị na sapphire kpọrọ ihe nke ukwuu maka nchikota nke ngwa anya, igwe, ọkụ na kemịkal.Ngwongwo ihe ya pụtara ìhè na-eme ka ọ dị mma maka ngwa ndị na-achọ ihe na-achọ ịdịte aka dị elu, anya anya dị elu, mkpuchi eletrik na iguzogide ihe ndị dị na gburugburu ebe obibi.
